在阅读、考试中,同学们常接触到一些复合宾语的语法现象,用作复合宾语的词类很多,可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。但对这部分知识的理解、掌握和运用,有些同学还是存在较大的困难,特别是不同的动词后面所要求的复合宾语的形式有所不同。本文归纳了常考动词复合宾语的九个句型,以帮助大家更好地理解、运用和掌握该语法项目。

　　[句型一] 感官动词see, look at, watch, notice, observe (5看);hear, listen to (2听);feel (1感觉)后接三种非谓语动词做宾补。

　　see, look at,

　　watch, notice,

　　observe, hear,

　　 listen to, feelsb. do sth.

　　sb. doing sth.

　　sth. done

　　(宾语与宾补主动关系,表示动作完成)

　　(宾语与宾补主动关系,表示动作在进行)

　　(宾语与宾补被动关系,表示动作完成)

　　例如:

　　1. I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动、完成)

　　2. She was heard to sing an English song just now. (在被动语态中,要加to 作主语补足语)

　　3. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. (主动,正在进行)

　　4.The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.(主动,正在进行)

　　5.I was walking in the street when I heard my name called.(被动,完成)

　　[句型二] make 后接非谓语动词两种形式作宾补时,意为“使、让”。

　　makesb. do sth. 宾语与宾补主动关系

　　sth. done宾语与宾补被动关系

　　例如:

　　1. Nothing will make me ________(change) my mind.

　　2. Can you make yourself ________(understand) in English?

　　3. The teacher makes it ________(know) that there will be a test next week.

　　分析 根据句中宾语和宾补的关系,可以看出第1题是主动关系,第2、 3题是被动关系,所以1~3题答案分别是:change; understood; known。特别注意第3题句中it是形式宾语代替宾语从句that there will be a test next week。

　　[句型三] have 后接非谓语三种形式作宾补时,have 表示“使、让、叫”之意。

　　have sb. do sth.

　　sb./sth. doing sth. 

　　sth. done

　　 使/让/叫某人干某事(宾语与宾补主动关系)

　　① 使/让某人/物持续地做某事(宾语与宾补主动关系,表示动作在进行);

　　② 在否定句中,表示“不容忍,不允许”。

　　① 使/让某事由别人去做(宾语与宾补被动关系); ② 使遭受……

　　注意比较下面have句型,在此句型中,have 表示“有……要做”,不定式在句中作定语。

　　havesth. to do 有某事要做 (动作由主语完成)

　　sth. to be done 有某事要做 (动作非主语完成)

　　例如:

　　1. I’ll have/get my bike repaired soon. 我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。

　　2. Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时,伤了腿。

　　3. They had the light burning all night long. 他们把灯亮了一整夜。

　　4. We won’t have such things happening again.我们不容忍此类事情再次发生。

　　5. Mum had lots of work to do, so she had me go shopping. 妈妈有很多事要做,所以她让我去购物。

　　6. I’ll go to Nanjing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken to your son?我明天要去南京,你有东西要带给你儿子吗?

　　[句型四] get 后接非谓语三种形式作宾补时,get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。

　　get sb. to do sth. = have sb. do sth.

　　sb./sth. doing

　　sth. done = have sth. done

　　 使/让/叫某人干某事 (宾语与宾补主动关系)

　　使某人/ 某物开始行动起来

　　使/让某事由别人去做(宾语与宾补被动关系); 注意无“have sth. done”句型的“使遭受……”之意。

　　例如:

　　1. Tom got his sister to help him with his homework. 汤姆让姐姐帮他做家庭作业。

　　2. —The car broke down. Can you get it going again? 车坏了,你能使车再走起来吗?

　　—Sorry. I think we’ll have to get it repaired. 抱歉,我想我们必须送去修一下。

　　[句型五] keep 后接非谓语动词两种形式作宾补时,意为“让”。

　　keepsb. doing sth. 让某人继续在做某事(宾语与宾补主动关系,表示动作在进行)

　　sth. done 让某事完成(宾语与宾补被动关系,表示动作完成)

　　注意:keep sb. from doing sth. =prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth. 意为阻止某人做某事;特别强调的是在 “keep sb. from doing sth.”句型中from不可省略。

　　例如:

　　1. She kept me ________(wait) for half an hour.

　　2. You’d better keep your eyes ________(open) and your mouth ________(close).

　　3. Something has been done to keep the water from ________ (pollute).

　　分析 根据keep后接复合宾语和宾补的主被动关系可以看出第1题答案是waiting;第2题是open, closed。 第2题第一空open是形容词作宾补表状态。根据keep sb. from doing sth.句型中介词from后接动名词主动或被动,第3题答案是being polluted。[句型六] find 后接非谓语动词两种形式作宾补时,意为“发现”。

　　findsb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事(宾语与宾补主动关系,表示动作在进行)

　　sth./sb. done 发现某物(人)被……(宾语与宾补被动关系,表示动作完成)

　　例如:

　　On the way home, I found an old man knocked down by a car and lying on the ground.

　　在回家的路上, 我发现一位老人被车撞了,躺在地上。(knock down 跟an old man之间是动宾关系,表被动;an old man跟lie之间是主谓关系,表主动。)

　　[句型七] leave后接非谓语动词作宾补时,意为“使……处于某种状态”。

　　leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事(宾语与宾补主动关系,表示动作在进行)

　　sth. done 留下某事未做(宾语与宾补被动关系,表示被动和完成)

　　sb. to do sth. 委托/留下某人做某事

　　sth. to be done 留下某事要做(不定式表示将来的动作)

　　例如:

　　1. It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)

　　2. The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. 大部分菜客人们没有动,因为它们不可口。(被动,完成)

　　3. He left, leaving me to do the rest of the work. 他走了,留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。(主动,将来)

　　4. We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。 (被动,将来)

　　[句型八] with+ n./pron.+ 非谓语动词形式构成with复合宾语结构。

　　with +n./pron. + doing

　　+n./pron. + done

　　+n./pron. + to do

　　+n./pron. + to be done

　　(宾语与宾补主动关系,表示动作在进行)

　　(宾语与宾补被动关系,表示动作完成)

　　有某事要做(时间表将来,动作由主语完成)

　　有某事要做(时间表将来,动作非主语完成)

　　例如:

　　1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it.

　　A.finished B.finishing

　　C.having finished D.was finished

　　2. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________(go) on.

　　A.going onB.goes onC.went onD.to go on

　　3. With lots of problems ________(settle), the newly elected president will have a hard time.

　　A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled

　　分析 第1题答案是A。根据所提供的语境“...,he gladly accepted it(他高兴地收下请柬)说明是由于他做完工作,所以要用过去分词finished作his work的宾补,表示被动、完成。

　　第2题答案是A。with后接复合宾语,动词 ing 形式作宾补,表示all that noise 与go on之间是主动关系。根据句意可判断出在有噪音的情况下无法做作业。

　　第3题答案是C。根据所提供的语境the newly elected president is having a hard time,说明新任总统现在和将来都有很多难题要解决,所以要用不定式to settle 作problems 的宾补 。

　　[句型九] 注意下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语,它们是:“sb. be said/believed/known/reported/announced/thought 等+不定式”。在此句型中最重要的是要考虑不定式的三种形式——不定式的一般式(不定式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或在它之后发生)、不定式的进行式(主要谓语表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行)及不定式的完成式(不定式所表示的动作在主要谓语所表示的动作或状态之前发生)。

　　例如:

　　1. — Is Bob still performing?

　　 — I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official.

　　A.to have leftB.to leaveC.to have been leftD.to be left

　　2. The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

　　A.causingB.being causedC.to be causedD.to have caused

　　3. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ________ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

　　A.have been missingB.have got lostC.be missingD.get lost

　　分析 第1题答案是A。动词不定式的完成式表示过去发生的事或已经完成的动作或表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。“I’m afraid not.” 表明Bob 不再演出,已经离开了舞台。

　　第2题答案是C。根据be believed to do sth.意为“据信做某事”,判断答案A、 B不对;再根据后面by判断用不定式的被动式。

　　第3题答案是A。句意:警方正在搜寻一位女士,据报道,自从上周五洪水侵袭该地区后,她就失踪了。根据since引导的时间状语从句可判断该空应填has been missing。此外本题B项中的have got lost表示瞬间行为,不能与since引导的时间状语从句连用。巩固练习

　　1. — Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

　　— Sorry. With so much work ________ my mind, I almost break down.

　　A.filledB.fillingC.to fillD.being filled

　　2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) ________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.

　　A.is said to be buying

　　B.is said to have bought

　　C.had said to buy

　　D.has said to have bought

　　3. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting. I’ve got too much work ________.

　　A.to doB.doingC.to be doneD.done

　　4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.

　　A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out

　　5. — Who would you like to have ________ the machine?

　　— Miss Zhang.

　　A.repairingB.to repairC.repairedD.repair

　　6. — Something is wrong with my computer again. I’ll have it ________.

　　— Don’t worry. I’ll soon get it ________.

　　A.repaired; going

　　B.repaired; gone C.repairing; going

　　D.repairing; to go

　　7. Sandy had her pocket ________ while doing shopping.

　　A.stolenB.stealingC.pickedD.picking

　　8. They all went to watch the football match, ________.

　　A.left the work half done

　　B.leaving the work half done

　　C.left the work undoing

　　D.leaving the work undoing

　　9. The government should take measures to prevent the factory ________ poisonous gases so as to keep the city ________.

　　A.pouring; polluting

　　B.pour; polluting

　　C.from pouring; being polluted

　　D.pouring; from being polluted

　　10. With everything we need ________, Mum and I went home.

　　A.to buyB.to be boughtC.boughtD.buying

　　Keys:

　　1~5 BBACD

　　6~10 ACBDC