2011医学七大进展预测:基因分析帮助你对症下药 科学家将宣布HIV疫苗研究结果


2011医学七大进展预测:基因分析帮助你对症下药 科学家将宣布HIV疫苗研究结果

 
 
 
 
 

2011医学七大进展预测:基因分析帮助你对症下药 科学家将宣布HIV疫苗研究结果
 

 

刘霞

2011年01月18日10:03    来源:《科技日报》      

 
  


  2010年可谓科学和医学突破迭出的一年。德国医生宣布治愈了一名艾滋病患者;普莱西康制药公司研制的抗癌新药PLX4032在针对治疗黑色素瘤的早期临床实验中表现抢眼;另外,科学家首次制造出了“人造细胞”。

  那么,2011年可能会涌现出哪些重大的医学进步呢?美国《趣味科学》网站报道了医学专家给出的7大预测。如果这些突破成为现实,或许会让我们过上更加健康幸福的生活。

  科学家将宣布HIV疫苗研究结果

  2010年12月,德国科学家在美国《血液》月刊上发表报告称,他们通过骨髓移植疗法“治愈”了一名艾滋病患者。科学家介绍说,2007年,一名美国男性艾滋病病毒携带者因患白血病在柏林接受骨髓移植治疗,当时捐献者的骨髓配型不仅非常吻合,而且还拥有能天然抵御艾滋病病毒的变异基因Delta 32。3年后,这名美国病人已不再有白血病和艾滋病病毒感染的迹象。

  研究人员在报告中说:“研究结果非常明确地显示,这名患者的艾滋病已经得到治愈,其为研究人员利用基因疗法或其他方法治疗艾滋病提供了更多线索。”

  但美国艾滋病病毒医学协会前会长迈克尔·扎格认为,如果将这种方法变成标准疗法,存在着较大风险。美国国家过敏和传染病研究所主任安东尼·福西也认为,目前这种治疗艾滋病的方法还不能应用,因为费用和风险都太高。

  不过,另外一个科学突破很有可能在2011年帮助更多人战胜艾滋病。2009年9月,泰国公共卫生部宣布,一种联合疫苗首次经试验证实可以将感染艾滋病的风险降低三分之一。纽约大学朗格尼医学中心的艾滋病病毒免疫学专家苏珊·佐拉-帕兹勒表示,这是首个艾滋病病毒疫苗取得成功的迹象,为未来的研究指明了方向。

  佐拉-帕兹勒指出,德国医生治疗艾滋病的方法非常受限,因为仅有少部分艾滋病患者可以找到能自然对抗艾滋病病毒的匹配骨髓,即便如此,这些病人也可能在骨髓移植手术中丧生,因此,希望仍然在于艾滋病病毒疫苗的研发,科学家有望于2011年中期公布对这种疫苗进行研究的结果。

  冰冻法让心房颤动病人重获“心”生

  美国心脏协会表示,全美有220万人饱受心房颤动之苦,心房颤动可能导致病患疲劳、呼吸短促甚至中风。不过,一种可以将心脏组织冰冻的设备会让他们脱离苦海。

  2010年12月,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准了心脏电子医疗设备制造商美敦力公司的冷冻球囊用于阵发性房颤的治疗。据了解,冷冻球囊治疗主要是将球囊放在左心房肺静脉出口,再将冷冻剂充满球囊,破坏肺静脉出口组织而达到治疗房颤效果。

  该公司发言人称,在关键的临床试验中,冷冻球囊的治疗效果是抗心律失常药物的10倍,且安全性与后者相似。在使用冷冻球囊治疗的患者中,房颤完全消除的几率为70%,而使用其他药物治疗的患者,房颤完全消除的几率只有7%。

  美国麻省总医院的穆萨·曼苏尔在临床手术中使用了该设备,他表示,这种治疗模式的治愈率高达70%。传统射频消融术的治愈率也差不多,但新方式实施起来更简单。新疗法获批将会让更多人接受治疗。

  更多人可接受胃束带减肥手术

  据统计数字显示,720万美国人都属于肥胖者,很多肥胖者都希望通过胃束带手术达到减肥的目的。尽管研究显示,从某种意义上来说,胃束带减肥手术可能是最有效的治疗方式,但其在美国一直饱受争议。

  胃束带手术的实质就是将绷带缠绕在胃的上部,通过减少病人达到饱足感所需要的进食量来达到减重的目的。之前,FDA规定此手术只适合那些病态肥胖患者,也就是体质指数(BMI)超过40或BMI超过35并因肥胖患有严重疾病的人。

  2010年年底,FDA通过投票修改了胃束带手术的法律标准,规定BMI超过35或BMI超过30并罹患其他严重身体疾病的人都可进行该手术。

  纽约大学朗格尼医学中心减肥手术分部的乔治·菲尔德林表示,手术非常有用。但也有医生强调,打开病人的身体存在着巨大风险。麻省总医院减肥中心主任李·卡普兰也表示,尽管手术确实有效,但任何手术都是侵入式的,都存在风险。

  卡普兰说,因为存在风险,符合FDA提出的标准的人中,只有2%的人实际上会接受该手术。将体质指数减少5个点并不会让接受该手术的人激增。

  校园行动将降低下一代肥胖率

  美国的《儿童健康、免饥饿法案》将于2011年生效。由于美国有越来越多肥胖儿童,被诊断出过去只有成年人才有的高血压、高胆固醇和Ⅱ型糖尿病,新法有助于扭转这个令人担忧的趋势。

  2010年12月,美国总统奥巴马签署了该法案,以为儿童提供较健康的校园餐点来对抗儿童饥饿。奥巴马表示,现在,在美国各地,还有许多儿童无法享用校园餐点,而且,供应的餐食也不够健康。

  这项法案保证在未来10年提供45亿美元用于支持政府的儿童营养项目,其中包括学校的餐饭。这将让更多美国儿童享用校园餐点,并允许农业部为学校餐点包括自动贩卖机出售的食品定制营养准则。

  目前,美国有1700万儿童生活在难以糊口的家庭,有1/3的美国儿童过重或肥胖。第一夫人米歇尔也于2010年2月推出了“让我们行动起来”的计划,其目的也在于降低儿童肥胖率。

  卡普兰称该法案“非常好”,他说:“现在,肥胖已经成为比营养不良更加严重的问题。”

  新式菜单将减少日常摄入卡路里总量

  2010年3月,美国国会通过了《患者保护和可承担护理法案》,该法案要求拥有20家以上餐厅的连锁餐饮店于2011年春天之前在菜单中列出一份餐食所含的卡路里总量。FDA表示,新法案也要求列出自动贩卖机中所出售商品的卡路里数。

  其实,早在2008年7月,纽约市就首开先河,规定快餐店和休闲餐厅等连锁餐馆须在菜单上清楚列明食物的卡路里含量。有关当局指出,新条例能防止至少15万纽约市民变得超重和防止至少3万人在5年内患糖尿病。

  医生表示,新法案将会让人们认识到,一杯拿铁咖啡可能含有300卡路里的热量;毫不起眼的一小碟饼干可能包含1000卡路里的热量。至于这项举措是否会大大降低美国的肥胖率,医生们不置可否。卡普兰表示,新法案或许有用,但实际效果可能微乎其微。

  基因组将为人们找到合适药物

  国际心血管病专家、美国斯克利普斯转化科学研究所所长埃里克·托普尔表示,10年前,测序一个完整的人类基因组可能要30亿美元;2010年其成本降到1万美元左右。2011年,其成本有望降到4000美元。而且,随着测序成本不断降低,基因组研究领域在2011年将会出现更多的医学突破。他说:“这个领域正如雨后春笋一般,蓬勃发展。”

  托普尔举例说,去年,美可保健公司和美国最大的药品零售商CVC/Caremark公司开始大规模检测服用心脏病药物Plavix的病人基因。研究人员发现,PON1和CYP2C19这两个基因可以决定病人如何对Plavix作出反应。“这两个基因解释了为什么这种药物(其销量为全球第二)会在三分之二的病人身上起到很好的治疗效果,但对其他人要么无效,要么有副作用。”

  托普尔表示:“基因分析会节省大量成本,让病人不再长期服用那些昂贵的、对疾病没有丝毫帮助的药物。”

  基因组研究有助于理解癌症

  托普尔预测,基因组测序成本的降低也会给癌症研究带来好消息,“因为测序变得如此便宜、迅捷,生物信息也正变得更加先进”。拥有了这些更加迅捷的技术后,癌症研究人员将可以把病人天生的基因组和其肿瘤导致的变异基因组进行比较,以此找到导致癌症的基因。

  托普尔表示,这样的研究已经让黑色素瘤病人受益,这些病人都在服用功效强大的药物PLX4032。基因组研究证明,其肿瘤拥有BRAF变异的黑色素瘤病人将从该药物受益;而其肿瘤中没有BRAF变异的病人服用该药物后,病情会恶化。托普尔说,在2011年,类似的研究都将会变得更好。
 
图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 
 
 

慢性艾滋病早期中医药治疗保障生命论证

红津液饮料面世 或将能预防艾滋病

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http://news.youth.cn/jk/201012/t20101231_1447239.htm

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http://news.163.com/10/1231/15/6P8B7PTU00014JB6.html


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http://china.huanqiu.com/hot/2010-12/1390550.html

Progress in 2011, seven medical prediction: genetic analysis to help you remedy scientists will announce the results of HIV vaccine research

Liu Xia

At 10:03 on January 18, 2011 Source: "Science and Technology Daily"





2010 can be described as scientific and medical breakthroughs in one after another of the year. German doctors declared cured an AIDS patient; Pleasant West cancer drug developed by pharmaceutical companies PLX4032 for the treatment of melanoma in the early eye-catching performance in clinical trials; addition, the scientists produced the first "artificial cells."

So, emerged in 2011 which may be significant medical progress? United States, "Fun Science" website reported on 7 given by medical experts Predictions. If these breakthroughs become a reality, may cause us to lead more healthy and happy life.

Scientists will announce the results of HIV vaccine research

December 2010, German scientists in the United States, "Blood" magazine published the report, they passed bone marrow transplantation therapy "cured" of an AIDS patient. Scientists said that in 2007, an American male living with HIV suffering from leukemia treatment bone marrow transplant in Berlin, when the matching bone marrow donor is not only very consistent, but also has a natural resistance to HIV gene variation Delta 32. 3 years later, the United States no longer has leukemia patients and signs of HIV infection.

The researchers said in the report: "The results very clearly show that this patient has been cured of AIDS, the researchers used gene therapy to other methods provide more clues to the treatment of AIDS."

But the United States before the HIV Medical Association president Michael Zag that, if this approach will become standard therapy, there is a big risk. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Anthony Fauci also believes that the current method of treatment of AIDS can not be applied because the costs and risks are too high.

However, another scientific breakthrough is likely in 2011 to help more people overcome AIDS. September 2009, the Ministry of Public Health of Thailand announced a combined vaccine for the first time can be confirmed by the tests reduce the risk of HIV infection in third. New York University Langone Medical Center in HIV immunology, Susan Zola - Pa Zile said that this is the first successful HIV vaccine indications, as specified in the direction of future research.

Zola - Pa Zile that German doctors cure for AIDS is very limited, because only a small part of the nature of AIDS patients can find a bone marrow match against the AIDS virus, even so, these patients may be killed in the bone marrow transplant, Therefore, the hope still lies in the development of HIV vaccines, scientists are expected to announce in mid-2011 study on the results of this vaccine.

Freezing method for patients with atrial fibrillation to regain the "heart" of Health

American Heart Association, the nation's 220 million people suffering from the pain of atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation may lead to patient fatigue, shortness of breath and even stroke. However, one can of frozen heart tissue, the device will allow them to misery.

December 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the heart of electronic medical equipment maker Medtronic frozen balloon for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. It is understood that the treatment is mainly frozen balloon to balloon pulmonary vein on the left atrial exit, and then the refrigerant filled balloon, but tissue damage to the pulmonary veins to treat atrial fibrillation export results.

The spokesman said that in the key clinical trials, the therapeutic effect of frozen balloon is 10 times the anti-arrhythmic drugs, and safety and the latter similar. In patients treated with balloon in the freezer, completely eliminate the risk of atrial fibrillation was 70%, while patients treated with other drugs, completely eliminate the risk of atrial fibrillation only 7%.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Moussa Mansour used in the clinical operation of the equipment, he said, the cure rate of this treatment mode up to 70%. The cure rate of conventional radiofrequency ablation is similar, but easier to implement new ways. Approval of new therapies will allow more people to receive treatment.

More acceptable to the gastric banding weight loss surgery

According to statistics, 7.2 million Americans are obese, many obese people hope to achieve weight loss through gastric banding purposes. Although studies have shown that, in a sense, the gastric banding weight loss surgery may be the most effective treatment, but has been controversial in the United States.

The essence of gastric banding surgery, a bandage wrapped around the upper stomach, satiety achieved by reducing the patient's food intake required to achieve the purpose of weight loss. Before, FDA regulations for this procedure is only suitable for those morbidly obese patients, that is, body mass index (BMI) over 40 or a BMI over 35 and for obese people with serious diseases.

The end of 2010, FDA voted to amend the legal standard gastric banding surgery, the provisions of BMI over 35 or BMI over 30 and have suffered other serious physical illness can be carried out of the surgery.

New York University Langone Medical Center Bariatric Surgery Division, Lin said George Field, surgery is very useful. But there are doctors stressed, open the patient's body there is a huge risk. Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Loss Center Likapulan also said that despite the surgery does, but any surgery is invasive, there is risk.

Kaplan said, because there is a risk, in line with FDA's standards of people, only 2% of people will actually accept the surgery. Body mass index will be reduced by 5 points does not make people accept the surge in surgery.

Campus Initiative will reduce the next generation of obesity

America's "children's health, free of hunger Act" into effect in 2011. Because the United States, more and more obese children, was diagnosed with the past, only adults have high blood pressure, high cholesterol and type Ⅱ diabetes, the new law will help to reverse this worrying trend.

December 2010, President Obama signed the bill, that the children's school meals more healthy to fight child hunger. Obama said, now, throughout the United States, there are many children without access to school meals, and that the supply of meals are not healthy.

The bill to ensure that in the next 10 years, 4.5 billion dollars to support the Government's child nutrition programs, including school meals. This will allow more American children to enjoy school meals, and allow the Ministry of Agriculture for school meals, including food sold in vending machines, customized nutrition guidelines.

Currently, there are 17 million American children live in families is difficult to make ends meet, 1 / 3 of U.S. children are overweight or obese. First Lady Michelle is also in February 2010 launched the "Let us act," the plan, which also aims to reduce childhood obesity rates.

Kaplan said the bill "very good", he said: "Now, obesity has become a more serious problem than malnutrition."

New menus will reduce the daily intake of total calories

March 2010, the U.S. Congress passed the "Protection and affordable patient care bill," the bill requires restaurants with more than 20 chain restaurants in the spring of 2011 prior to a meal in the menu list the total calories volume. FDA said the new bill also requires vending machines in the list of goods sold number of calories.

In fact, as early as July 2008, New York City on the first of its kind to require fast food and casual dining restaurant chain such as to be clearly stated on the menu the calorie content of food. The authorities pointed out that new regulations could prevent at least 150,000 New Yorkers to become overweight and at least 3 million people to prevent diabetes in 5 years.

Doctors said the new bill would allow people to realize that a cup of latte coffee may contain 300 calories; a small dish of humble biscuits may contain 1,000 calories. As to whether this initiative will greatly reduce U.S. obesity rates, doctors did not know. Kaplan said the new bill might be useful, but the actual effect may be minimal.

Genome to find the right medication for people

International experts in cardiovascular disease, Scripps Translational Science Institute said Eric Poole, Hector, 10 years ago, sequencing a complete human genome may be to 30 billion U.S. dollars; 2010, its cost down to $ 10,000 so. In 2011, the cost is expected to drop $ 4,000. Moreover, with the sequencing costs continue to reduce the field of genome research in 2011 there will be more medical breakthroughs. He said: "As the mushroom in this area generally, to flourish."

Tuopu Er, for example, last year, the U.S. can be the largest U.S. health-care companies and drug retailers CVC / Caremark company began a large-scale testing of patients taking heart drugs Plavix genes. The researchers found that, PON1 and CYP2C19 these two genes can decide how patients respond to Plavix. "These two genes explain why the drug (the sales of the world's second) will play a very good two-thirds of patients the treatment effect, but others are either ineffective or have side effects."

Tuopu Er said: "The genetic analysis will be significant cost savings, long-term use for patients who are no longer expensive, not the slightest help to the disease the drug."

Help to understand the cancer genome research

Tuo Puer prediction, genome sequencing cost reductions will bring good news to cancer research, "because the sequencing has become so cheap, quick, biological information is also becoming more sophisticated." These have a more rapid technology, cancer researchers will be able to put patients and their natural genomic variability caused by the tumor genome were compared, in order to find genes that cause cancer.

Tuopu Er said that such research has to benefit melanoma patients, these patients are in effect taking the powerful drug PLX4032. Genomic studies have shown that the tumor has a BRAF mutation in melanoma patients to benefit from the drug; and their tumor BRAF mutation in patients not taking the drugs, the condition will worsen. Tuopu Er said that in 2011, similar studies will be even better.
 
 
 
 
 

[ 作者:佚名    转贴自:本站原创    点击数:196    更新时间:2011-1-19    文章录入:nnb ]