邹蓝
青海的多数人口属于藏族，西宁郊区的塔尔寺据说是藏传佛教黄教创始人宗喀巴的出生地。塔尔寺是藏传佛教黄教的五大寺之一。顺便说一句，现在的达 赖 喇 嘛和10世班禅喇嘛，都是青海人。达 赖出生在海东的平安县，而10世班禅则出生在西宁东南方向的循化县。
In Qinghai, big proportions of the population are Tibetans and the Ta’er Temple at the outskirts of Xining, Qinghai’s capital city, is said to be the native place of the founder of Yellow Section of the Lamaism, Zongkaba 宗喀巴。And Ta’er Temple is one of the five most respected Yellow Section Lamasery among the Tibetans. By the way, the current Dalai Lama and the last Panchen Lama both were born in Qinghai Province. Dalai Lama’s birthplace is Ping’an County（平安县） in Eastern Qinghai while the last Panchen Lama (10th ) was born in Xunhua County (循化县),southeast of Xining.
藏族作为少数民族以其独特的文化和歌舞传统而著称。语言上来分的话，藏族分三大支：安多、康巴、卫藏。青海藏语地区有五个，除去玉树外的四个，加上甘肃的甘南州以及四川的阿坝州，这个地域为安多藏区。青海玉树、云南迪庆和四川的甘孜、阿坝和凉山局部以及西藏昌都则是康巴地区，西藏自治区的其他地区包括中心拉萨，都是卫藏地区。
Tibetans are an ethnic group noted for their unique culture and their song and dance traditions. Linguistically the Tibetans are classified into three groups: Amdo（安多）, Kangba（康巴）and Weizang（卫藏）。The four of Qinghai Tibetan speaking prefectures except Yushu, plus that of Gansu province and northern part of Sichuan’s Aba prefecture （阿坝）, is traditionally called as Amdo Tibetan region. Kangba regions consist of Yushu（玉树）in Qinghai and Diqing（迪庆） in Yunnan and Garze （甘孜）prefecture, part of Aba and Liangshan （凉山）prefectures in Sichuna and Changdu prefecture （昌都） in East Tibet. All the remaining regions in Tibet AR are the centre region of Tibet, the Weizang.
藏区的音乐和舞蹈传统，因其与之相邻地区的民俗不同而有所不同。中国多数人知道藏族能歌善舞，有几个全国知名的歌手。不过很少人知道藏族乐器龙头琴。据说龙头琴来源于阿里地区，是18世纪后期嘉木样二世活佛将之带到了甘肃南部。现在龙头琴在安多藏民中非常流行。因为这一带是安多藏区，因此青海是龙头琴艺术的中心。其功能与吉他类似，边弹边唱。
The music and dance traditions in different regions are slightly different due to their proximity to other ethnic groups. In China most of the people know that ethnic Tibetans all can sing and dance well and there are also some of the quite famous ethnic Tibetan singers in China. But very few people know about the longtouqin (龙头琴,or dragon head fiddle) http://www.godpp.gov.cn/wmzh/2007-07/16/content_10584858.htm used by the ethnic Tibetans. It is said the longtouqin was originated in Ali prefecture and brought to Southern Gansu by the Living Buddha Jiamuyang II in late 1700s and it is now popular among the Amdo area ethnic Tibetans. It so happened that of the five ethnic Tibetan prefectures of Qinghai, four are Amdo areas. So it means that Qinghai is the center of ethnic Tibetan longtouqin art. Its function is somewhat like guitar for the musician playing while singing.
藏族人分布在西藏在内的五个省区，不过龙头琴只流传在青海、甘肃和四川的安多藏区。青海安多藏区的另外一个民歌风格，就是拉伊。拉伊有点类似临近的穆斯林地区的花儿，歌唱爱情和日常的生活。青海海南州的贵德县，每年农历六月二十二有拉伊歌会。
Ethnic Tibetans living in 5 provinces including Tibet AR, but longtouqin is limited to Amdo regions of the Tibetan culture across three provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan.
Another Amdo Tibetan folk song genre specific in Qinghai to mention is “Layi”(拉伊) http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/cn_whyc/2006-11/20/content_89412.htm , which is somewhat like the Hua’er songs in adjacent Muslim areas in Qinghai and Gansu, singing about love and everything http://mp3.amdotibet.com/MusicList/amdo.song_d4953c191bf566c8_849.Html in daily life. In Guide County, Hainan Prefecture in Qinghai, each year at 22th day of Month 6 of the Lunar Calendar (in 2010, it falls on 3 July)，there is a Layi festival.
说完了青海的花儿和龙头琴，该说说新疆了。
After Qinghai’s Hua’er and longtouqin, I now go to Xinjiang.