宋圭武观点4：人类应保持好两个敬畏
人类应保持好两个敬畏。一个是对自然的敬畏；一个是对良心的敬畏。
康德说：“有两种东西，我们对它们的思考越是深沉和持久，它们所唤起的那种越来越大的惊奇和敬畏就会充溢我们的心灵，这就是繁星密布的苍穹和我心中的道德律。”这里康德所说的两个敬畏，其实一个就是对自然的敬畏，另一个就是对良心的敬畏。
从哲学角度看，自然是外在的“神”，良心是内在的“神”。对自然的敬畏，有助于自然的安静；对良心的敬畏，有助于内心的安静。宁静致远，有了静，自然必然有了长远，人类也必然有了长远。
两个敬畏也为理性提供了边界。理性只有在两个敬畏的约束下，理性才能真正体现理性的光辉，否则，理性就是脱缰的野马，横冲直撞，既危险，又可怕，其结果就是理性走向自身的反面，理性成理性自身的对立面，成否定理性自身的对立物。所以，失去两个敬畏约束的理性，必然是异化的理性。
总之，没有敬畏的人类，是没有长远的，也是躁狂的，自身就是自身的否定。
从历史看，人类经过了两次启蒙。人类第一次启蒙，是轴心时代，第一次启蒙，既张扬了敬畏，也张扬了理性，为人类以后的文明奠定了基础。人类第二次启蒙，是十七、十八世纪发生在欧洲的启蒙运动。这次启蒙运动重点张扬了理性，理性一股独大。但这次启蒙运动理性的过度张扬，也严重伤害了自然和人类。环境污染、心灵躁狂，成了当下世界最主要的病。
如何治疗当前世界的病，人类需要新启蒙。新启蒙需要重点树立两个敬畏意识。
敬畏自然，就不能做对不起自然的事。人类与自然要牢固树立平等意识，不能把自己摆在高高在上的位置。要时时牢记，人不负青山，青山定不负人。敬畏良心，就不能做对不起生命的事。要时时树立人人平等意识，涵养好自己的同情心，己所不欲，勿施于人，“老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼”。
总之，没有理性，就没有文明；没有敬畏，同样也没有文明。文明需要理性与敬畏有机结合，自身才能不断传承发展下去。这里理性与敬畏的有机结合，构成文明基因的双螺旋结构。这个双螺旋结构质量越高，文明越有活力，文明才能生生不息、代代薪火相传，文明才能成为持久的文明。
甘肃省委党校宋圭武教授
Song Guiwu's viewpoint 4: Human beings should keep two awes
Human beings should keep two awes.One is the awe of nature;the other is the awe of conscience. Kant said: "There are two things, the more deep and lasting we think about them, the greater and greater surprise and awe they evoke will fill our hearts, that is, the starry sky and the moral law in my heart."Here, Kant says the two awes, in fact, one is the awe of nature, the other is the awe of conscience.From a philosophical perspective, nature is the external "god", and conscience is the internal "god".The awe of nature is conducive to the quiet of nature;the awe of conscience is conducive to the inner peace.Peace leads to a long way, with peace, nature is bound to have a long-term future, and human beings are bound to have a long-term future. The two awes also provide a boundary for rationality.Only under the constraint of the two awes can rationality truly reflect the brilliance of rationality, otherwise, rationality is a runaway horse, which is dangerous and terrible. The result is that rationality goes to its own opposite, rationality becomes the opposite of rationality itself, and negates rationality itself.Therefore, the rationality that loses the constraint of the two awes is necessarily alienated rationality. In short, there is no long-term human without awe, and it is also manic, which is the negation of itself.From the perspective of history, human beings have experienced two enlightenments.The first enlightenment of human beings was the Axial Age. The first enlightenment not only promoted awe, but also promoted rationality, laying a foundation for the future civilization of human beings.The second enlightenment of human beings was the Enlightenment movement in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.The Enlightenment movement focused on rationality, and rationality was dominant.But the excessive publicity of rationality in the Enlightenment movement also seriously hurt nature and human beings.Environmental pollution and mental madness have become the most important diseases in the present world.How to cure the diseases of the present world, human beings need new enlightenment.The new enlightenment needs to establish two awareness of awe.Awe of nature, we can not do things that are sorry for nature.Human beings and nature should firmly establish the consciousness of equality, and we can not put ourselves in a superior position.We should always remember that people do not bear the mountains, and the mountains will not bear people.Awe of conscience, we can not do things that are sorry for life.We should always establish the consciousness of equality, cultivate our own compassion, and do not do to others what we do not want, "the old, and the old;the young, and the young". In short, there is no reason, there is no civilization;there is no awe, and there is no civilization. Only by combining reason and reverence can a civilization continue to develop. The combination of reason and reverence forms the double helix structure of the civilization gene. The higher the quality of this double helix structure is, the more dynamic a civilization will be. Only by passing on the torch from generation to generation can a civilization live on and become enduring. Song Guiwu, Professor of the Party School of Gansu Provincial Committee