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艾滋病大会呼吁改革毒品政策
2010年07月19日 14:27财新网
追究吸毒者刑事责任的做法，不仅无法阻断毒品泛滥，而且加大了感染艾滋病的风险。一些地区吸毒者感染比例高达七成【财新网】（记者 刘京京 19日发自维也纳）当地时间7月18日晚19时，第18届世界艾滋病大会在奥地利维也纳拉开帷幕。在开幕式当晚，“权利”一词成了主角。
来自超过185个国家的约两万名代表出席大会，其中包括科学家和各国政要。他们将就艾滋病的预防、治疗、资金投入、疫苗研发等话题进行讨论。
保障高危人群的权利
“全球艾滋病应对正处于十字路口。”大会主席、国际艾滋病社团（IAS）主任胡里奥？蒙泰纳（Julio Montaner）在开幕式上称。
从2000年到现在，全球艾滋病防治无疑有了很大的进步，有约500万HIV感染者在接受抗病毒治疗，HIV新发感染率比2001年下降了17%。
然而，这距离G8给2010年全球艾滋病防治制定的目标还有很长的路要走。胡里奥强调，如果不能充分保护艾滋病高危人群的权利，“艾滋病的流行也不会有终点”。因此，他呼吁参会者在《维也纳宣言》上签名，“加强我们自己的声音”，以要求各国的政治家们加快行动，消除对于HIV感染者的歧视。
这份《维也纳宣言》认为，现有的追究吸毒者刑事责任的做法，虽然耗费了大量资金，却未能阻止毒品的获得，反而使吸毒者因为缺少艾滋病预防措施、难以获得干净的针头和缺乏相应的医疗服务而增加了感染风险，从而导致了艾滋病的传播。例如，在东欧和中亚的一些地区，吸毒者感染艾滋病的比例可能达到70%。世界卫生组织官员伊夫（YvES Souteyrand）称，在东欧和中亚，在100个吸毒的HIV感染者中，仅有一人能接受抗病毒治疗；很多国家的法律不允许吸毒者接受治疗。
因此，《维也纳宣言》呼吁，各国应评估和正视毒品政策的局限和其带来的伤害，建立有科学依据的新毒品政策，包括宣布吸毒者无罪，保护吸毒者应有的权利，从而更有效地防治艾滋病。
在大会开幕之时，这份宣言已经征集到了上万人的签名。
此外，性工作者、男男同性恋者的权利也被此次大会强调应该得到保护。
呼吁持续投入资金
在受到金融风暴影响的2009年，全球援助发展中国家防治艾滋病的资金为76亿美元（其中美国捐助约占58%），基本与2008年的77亿美元持平。
胡里奥在开幕式上表达了对日前G8/G20峰会和一些国家政府的不满，因为这些组织或政府更关心金融危机，例如把大量资金注入华尔街的银行，而不是履行自己对于艾滋病防治的责任。
联合国艾滋病规划署执行主任米歇尔？西迪贝（Michel Sidibé）亦表示，一些国家的艾滋病防治成本在上升，还有一些国家的艾滋病治疗未能持续，关于艾滋病的研究也许久未获新的突破。这显然都是艾滋病防治面临的阻碍。
根据联合国艾滋病规划署的统计，在2008年，全球每天有超过7400人感染HIV，5000人死于相关疾病，3000多人接受抗病毒治疗。
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AIDS drug policy reform, the Assembly called on
At 2:27 p.m. on the July 19, 2010 financial new web
Investigate the practice of criminal drug addicts, not only can block the spread of drugs and increased risk of HIV infection. Infected drug users in some areas as high as Qicheng new web】 【Choi (reporter Liu Jing Jing on the 19th from the bottom of Vienna) local time on July 18 evening 19 o'clock, the 18th World AIDS Conference opened in Vienna, Austria. At the opening night, "right" became a hero.
From more than 185 countries represented at the General Assembly, about two million people, including scientists and political figures. They will AIDS prevention, treatment, capital investment, to discuss topics such as vaccine development.
To protect the rights of high-risk groups
"The global AIDS response is at a crossroads." President of the Assembly, the International AIDS society (IAS) Director, Julio? Montaigne (Julio Montaner), said at the opening ceremony.
From 2000 to the present, AIDS is undoubtedly the world's great progress, some 5 million HIV infected people receiving antiretroviral treatment, HIV infection rates than the newly issued fell by 17% in 2001.
However, this is from the G8 to the Global AIDS by 2010 the goals set have a long way to go. Julio stressed that if the high-risk groups can not fully protect the rights of AIDS, "AIDS epidemic will not end." He therefore appealed to the participants in the "Vienna Declaration" signed, "strengthen our own voice", and to politicians in various countries to speed up action to eliminate discrimination for HIV infection.
The "Vienna Declaration" believes, existing practice of criminal accountability in drug addicts, although spent a lot of money failed to stop the drugs were, Faner to drug Yinweiqueshao HIV prevention measures difficult to obtain clean, the needles and Quefa appropriate medical services and increased risk of infection, which led to the spread of AIDS. For example, in some parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the proportion of drug users infected with HIV could reach 70%. World Health Organization officials Eve (YvES Souteyrand) said that in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, in 100 HIV-infected drug users, only one person can be receiving antiretroviral treatment; many state laws do not allow drug addicts for treatment.
Therefore, the "Vienna Declaration" calls on all countries should assess and address the limitations of drug policy and the harm it brings, to establish a scientific basis for the new drug policy, including the announcement of drug addicts innocent, protect the rights of drug addicts due to more effective AIDS.
The time of opening of the Assembly, the declaration has already collected thousands of signatures on.
In addition, sex workers, gay men's rights are also the General Assembly stressed the need to be protected.
Called continuous investment in
Affected by the financial turmoil in 2009, the global AIDS fund to assist developing countries was 76 million (including U.S. contributions to about 58%), basic and 7.7 billion in 2008 unchanged.
Julio Le expressed at the opening ceremony right before the summit and 一些 governments G8/G20 resentment, as these organizations or the government is more concerned about the financial crises such as pouring funds into Wall Street banks, rather than fulfill Zijiduiyu AIDS Fangzhi of Zeren .
UNAIDS Executive Director, Michelle? Sidibe (Michel Sidibé) also said that AIDS in some countries the cost is rising, and some countries can not continue to AIDS treatment, research on AIDS has not been a new breakthrough in a long time. This is obviously the obstacles faced by AIDS.
According to UNAIDS statistics, in 2008, every day more than 7400 people worldwide infected with HIV, 5000 people died of related diseases, more than 3,000 people receiving antiretroviral treatment.
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