Of the Natural and Market Price of Commodities

2017年5月7日，国富论第七章精读。

Wording skills 构词法：

1. free compound自由复合词；

2. conversion

3. derivation

标题译文：浅析商品的自然价格与市场价格。

正文译文：

There is in every society or neighbourhood an ordinary or average rate both of wages and profit in every different employment of labour and stock. This rate is naturally regulated, as I shall show hereafter, partly by the general circumstances of the society, their riches or poverty, their advancing, stationary, or declining condition; and partly by the particular nature of each employment.

在每个社会或社区，各种用途的劳动工资及各种用途的资本利润，都有一种普通水平（/等级）或平均水平（/等级）。这一水平，正如我在后文所说那样，自然地（意指不加干涉地）部分受社会的一般情况，即贫富、进步停滞或衰退状况的支配，部分受各个行业的特定本质支配。

points:

①  neighbourhood译为“社区”，在这里与society同义。例如，‘neighbourhood of RUC’的含义类似于‘campus of RUC’, 不同之处在于，后者是一种物理范围，强调严格的边界；前者边界没那么严格，且涵盖范围更广，包括校园中的人、物、声、色等。

②  rate并非“比率”，应译为“水平、等级”。

③  their为代词，指代every society.

Rather than want it altogether, some of them will be willing to give more.

他们当中有些人，宁愿支付较高的价格。也不愿得不到这种商品。

point:

want意指“缺乏，不足，没有”。此句为倒装，‘Some of them will be willing to give more, rather than want it altogether.’

Such fluctuations affect both the value and the rate either of wages or of profit, according as the market happens to be either overstocked or understocked with commodities or with labour; with work done, or with work to be done.

这些变动对工资或利润的价值或水平的影响，取决当时市场上积存的商品或劳动是过多还是不足；取决于当时市场上既成产物或待成作业是过多还是不足。

points:

①  heavy statement with rich meaning

②  according as+ sentence，according to+ noun, 含义基本相同。

③  work≈product, 前者意义更广，理解为“已做完的工作，生产出来的产品等”。