1200213     西部民歌  邹蓝

（桃花红杏花白）这盘带子可能已经丢了，因为多次调动工作和搬家的缘故。现在回想起来，如果欣赏山西民歌的话，这盘带子里的歌都值得听一听。每一首歌都是跟本来乡土原来的唱法那样唱的。

Now I probably lost this cassette due to many times of change of jobs and residences. In retrospective I think it a must for appreciating Shanxi folk songs. All the songs are sung by local artists, not in the way the star folklores are sung.

山西和陕西相邻，只隔了一道黄河，有许多民歌两边相同，人们无法追溯其初始的来源。就这方面来说，了解了点山西民歌，就能了解一些陕北民歌。

Since Shanxi and Shaanxi are close to each other and is separated by only a narrow Yellow River and they share a lot of folk songs and nobody can really trace their true origins. And in this respect, a little bit acquaintance of the Shanxi folksongs will make one familiar with Northern Shaanxi folk songs (陕北民歌).

1980年代陕北民歌火热起来之前，我已经熟悉了陕北民歌。一个密友，曾在延安当知青插队10年，他会以当地方式唱陕北民歌。我对这些歌，以及从中透露的审美观有非常深刻的印象。于是我开始搜集陕北民歌。

Before the Northern Shaanxi folksongs became popular in late 1980s, I was well acquainted with them. A close friend of mine who spent around 10 years as a zhiqing ( educated youth or 知青) in Yan’an area and learned to sing the local folksongs the local way and I was impressed by the strong feelings and the unique esthetical values of the songs, I began collecting the Northern Shaanxi folksongs.

在陕西本省，民歌有两种唱法，一种是本乡本土的唱法，还有专业歌手的唱法。在省会西安，有省歌舞团体，他们演绎本地民歌的方式，跟乡土唱法恨接近，不过音乐配器更好，当然对旋律也略有小的改编。貟恩凤和冯健雪是本省经过专业培训的歌手，而乡土歌手则有贺玉堂和王向荣。贺先生是政府官员，而王先生则是农民。他们二位的身份标明，在陕北，各行各业的人都能唱得很好。事实上在陕北，民歌手很多，同一首歌，在不同的地方有略微不同的版本，差异不大，主旋律则一致。

Locally in the province there are also two types of folk song singing, the grassroot and the local professional artists. In Xi’an as the provincial capital, there are provincial artistic groups of song and dance. Their way of interpreting local folk songs is very close to the original way at the  grassroots, but with better musical instrumentation and minor modification to the grassroots version. Mrs.Yuan Enfeng (貟恩凤http://video.baidu.com/v?word=%D8%92%B6%F7%B7%EF&ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=0&fbl=1024 ) and Mrs Feng Jianxue （冯健雪 http://video.baidu.com/v?word=%B7%EB%BD%A1%D1%A9&ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=0&fbl=1024 ） are the local artists with art education or training and the best known grassroots singers are Mr. He Yutang （贺玉堂 http://video.baidu.com/v?word=%BA%D8%D3%F1%CC%C3&ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=0&fbl=800 ）and Mr. Wang Xiangrong （王向荣http://video.baidu.com/v?word=%CD%F5%CF%F2%C8%D9&ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=0&fbl=1024 ）. Mr. He is a government official while Mr. Wang a peasant. Their identities show that locally so many people at the grassroots can sing. Actually in the country there are many folk song singers in Northern Shaanxi and there are various versions of the one single folksong in different regions in the area, which differ from each other slightly with the basic melody more or less the same.

很有意思的是，山西和陕西各自的音乐传统影响到了不同的地区。山西民歌影响到了内蒙古中部地区的音乐，因为那边一般是山西灾年时逃难民众的目的地，而陕北民歌则在全国也有很大影响。同时，两省还有当地戏曲的不同影响。山西的晋剧基本上面对本省的民众，而陕西的秦腔，则在中国西北部有更大的影响：陕西、甘肃、宁夏和新疆。