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叶大伟和他的“红丝带”事业
来源:中国经营报_中国经营网 时间： 2010-12-31 13:33 作者：索寒雪
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| 图示∶2010年12月即将出版的《中国特色医疗金鉴》登载的刘君主任及其机构 |
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“请把艾滋病当做一种疾病，无关乎道德。”叶大伟经常向外界发出这样的呼吁。但是在中国，情况依旧不容乐观。
虽然温家宝总理已经握着艾滋病患者的手亲切地交谈许久，但要消弭人们对这种疾病的歧视与误解，还非常艰难。
“如果我患有感冒，也许我们这样面对面坐着，就已经把感冒病毒传染给你了。可是，艾滋病却不会这样轻易被传播。”叶大伟经常向别人这样讲解艾滋病。
叶大伟是全国工商联中华红丝带基金副秘书长，他的任务就是反复向人们解释：艾滋病患者不像想象中的那么可怕。
在一次慈善晚宴上，一位娱乐明星问叶大伟：“蚊虫叮咬，能不能传播艾滋病?”“如果，蚊虫叮咬你能够传播艾滋病，那你就马上抽一管血注射给我。”叶大伟斩钉截铁地回答。
缺席的央企
众所周知，艾滋病传播方式是性传播、血液传播、母婴传播。但是即便知道这些，外界给予艾滋病人的包容度依旧有限。这直接导致了救助艾滋病孤儿面临的诸多困境。
一位中华红丝带基金的工作人员向《中国经营报》记者说，即便她知道拥抱是安全的，但是第一次和艾滋病人拥抱的时候，还是有些胆怯，只有逐渐接触了解之后，才能够把心境调整过来。
“我们面临的最大挑战仍然是外界的误解和歧视。”叶大伟指着2010年艾滋病日的主题曲《请你和我唱首歌》，“当我第一次听到这个名字的时候，我就在想，我们呼吁了这么多年，要去和他们握手，去拥抱艾滋病人，可是现在又提出只是唱一首歌，这是不是有些退步?”
在叶大伟看来，《请你和我唱首歌》其实是很值得回味的，“如果和艾滋病人拥抱感觉恐惧的话，那么至少唱一首歌不会带来任何心理负担”。
目前中国的艾滋病遗孤分为两类，一种是父母因为艾滋病双亡，但是孩子并没有感染艾滋病，这样的孤儿占了艾滋病遗孤的绝大多数;另一种是自身也携带着艾滋病毒的孩子，这类孩子的数量非常少，据有关部门统计，有1000多人。
一面是等待救助的孩子;另一面，红丝带基金筹集到救助的善款却极为有限。
“全国工商联成立红丝带基金已经5年，筹集的资金只有4000万元，这与教育等同类基金相比相差悬殊，红丝带用于救助的钱，捉襟见肘。”叶大伟回忆，“因为红丝带基金发起单位是全国工商联，因此一些民营企业对红丝带的活动表现得比较积极。但是，国企和央企捐助少之又少。”叶大伟的记忆中，只有中国移动在参与救助艾滋病遗孤，“其他央企几乎看不见身影”。
在刚刚结束的一场艾滋病慈善拍卖会上，就几乎没有一家央企现身。
究其原因，“这些企业还是不愿意把自己和艾滋病这样的字眼联系在一起”。
被迫改变的救助
帮助艾滋病遗孤重新开始生活的成本是非常之高的。
在国外，认为对艾滋病遗孤最好的培养方式是回归家庭、回归社会，然而这一点在国内也很难做到。
“普通的学校很难接纳他们。一次，一个学校家长知道了自己孩子的学校有艾滋病孤儿，很多家长就带着孩子退学了。”叶大伟说。
后来红丝带基金花费巨资，在艾滋病集中地区建设学校，学校不仅仅招收艾滋病遗孤，还招收普通的孩子。学校里只有校长和老师才知道，哪些孩子是艾滋病遗孤。这些孩子在上课之余，是由亲属照顾其生活的。
在四川凉山州，考虑到当地文化对艾滋病的歧视较轻，红丝带基金在当地的小学中开设了专门的班级和宿舍，收留了42名艾滋病遗孤。
目前，在农村尤其是山区完善医疗体系，一直是一个难题，佳能中国医疗器械部门曾有计划向农村推广先进的设备。“对于医疗设备的维修和维护，其实都是一个难题。”佳能人士表示，“政府在医疗设备方面的投资非常大，但是分散到农村的投资却很有限。”
在这种情况下，很多农村和山区的人并不知道自己患有艾滋病。“我们就捐助当地的卫生所，鼓励产妇去医院生产，一旦发现有艾滋病患者生育，我们还会提供奶粉，杜绝感染者喂奶，以隔断母婴传播。”叶大伟说。
现在，已经有1200名住院分娩的产妇接受了资助。
“前不久，我参加了一个辩论会，双方是北京大学和北京工商大学，辩论内容是艾滋病遗孤是回归社会好还是集中教育好。”叶大伟当时任这场辩论的评委，“长远看，集中进行教育是弊大于利。但是，目前中国社会对艾滋病的歧视状况，还不允许我们不那样做。”
企业能做的还有很多
曾经有一次，叶大伟给企业打电话洽谈善款，对方听说“艾滋病”3个字，马上就翻脸了。“对方很生气，说我们又没有人得病，为什么找我们?”叶大伟说。
这种态度与西方社会对艾滋病的宽容截然相反。
在美国，政要与明星，都争相出现在抗艾滋病的最前沿，并不以艾滋病为耻。
但是中国的文化很独特，中国人经常将艾滋病与道德问题相连，因此艾滋病中潜藏着吸毒、商业性行为等道德观中的负面信息。
“请把艾滋病当做一种疾病，无关乎道德。”叶大伟经常向外界发出这样的呼吁。但是在中国，情况依旧不容乐观。
艾滋病人在病毒的潜伏期，就开始失去工作，因为他们并不被社会包容。“很难想象，一个企业能够容纳艾滋病感染者。艾滋病感染者在没有发病的时候，就已经提前失去了劳动机会。”叶大伟当年的一个艾滋病感染朋友，为了呼吁社会对这一特殊群体的关注而公布了自己的艾滋病毒携带者的身份。
这个朋友找不到工作，只能在县城里摆水果摊位，然而外界已经知道他的艾滋病毒携带者身份，老百姓把他的水果摊掀翻，把水果丢进地沟，说这些水果是有毒的。
假如企业不能给予这些特殊群体就业机会，至少还有一件事情可以做，就是宣传防御艾滋病。尤其是针对农民工群体，红丝带基金一直与建筑企业保持联系，每个听过艾滋病讲座的农民工都可以领一个防范艾滋病宣传包，里面装有避孕套，艾滋病宣传扑克和香皂等。
在资助艾滋病遗孤方面，民企和外资企业走在了前列。世茂集团董事局主席许荣茂每次参加艾滋病遗孤捐助活动都要乘私人专机从香港飞往北京、上海，每次停机费都不菲。虽然有要务缠身，但是许荣茂很少缺席红丝带的活动。由于专机上没有食品，红丝带基金的工作人员总是带着麦当劳的快餐去迎接许荣茂。叶大伟觉得许荣茂值得尊敬之处还在于，“因为他和艾滋病遗孤接触很多，所以自己有很多感慨，他经常向房地产圈内的朋友讲这些事情，并带动周围的人一起关注艾滋病遗孤的问题”。
鉴于红丝带基金的接收捐款的情况并不乐观，该基金的高层开始引进了美国的认捐模式，加入企业认捐2000万元给该基金，并不用一次性交出2000万元，只要每年给红丝带基金捐出2000万元所产生的收益部分(如总额的2%)，就可以长期为这项事业提供资金支持。“这样还能唤起企业常年对艾滋病的关注。”叶大伟表示。
David Yip and his "Red Ribbon" career
Source: China Business China Business Network _ Time: 2010-12-31 13:33 Study: Cable Han Xue
"Please to AIDS as a disease, not about ethics." David Yip, often issued such a call to the outside world. But in China, the situation is still not optimistic. Although Premier Wen Jiabao has been holding the hand of AIDS long cordial conversation, but people want to eliminate discrimination and misunderstanding of the disease, but also very difficult.
"If I have a cold, so perhaps we sat face to face to the cold virus has been transmitted to you. However, AIDS is not so easily be spread." David Yip, often to others to explain AIDS.
David Yip is a Chinese National Federation of the Red Ribbon Foundation Deputy Secretary-General, his task is to repeatedly explain to people: AIDS is not quite so terrible.
At a charity dinner, an entertainment star David Yip asked: "mosquito bites, can the spread of AIDS?" "If the mosquito bites that you can spread AIDS, you are immediately drawn a blood injection to me." Categorically David Yip answer.
The absence of central enterprises
As we all know, AIDS mode of transmission is sexual transmission, blood transmission, mother to child transmission. But even know that, given the outside world is still tolerant of people with AIDS is limited. This led directly to AIDS orphans face many difficulties.
A Chinese Red Ribbon Fund staff to the "China Business", told reporters that even though she knows it is safe to embrace, but the first time and embrace people with AIDS, or some timid, and only gradually after exposure to know to be able to mental adjustment over.
"Our biggest challenge is still a lack of understanding and discrimination." David Yip pointed AIDS Day 2010 theme song, "you and I sing a song," "When I first heard the name, I just like, we call for so many years, shakes their hands, to embrace people with AIDS, but made just sing a song now, this is not some backward? "
In view David Yip, "you and I sing a song" is very memorable, "If people embrace the feeling of fear and AIDS, then at least a song will not have any psychological burden."
AIDS orphans in China is divided into two categories, one is because their parents died of AIDS, but the child was not infected with HIV, accounting for AIDS orphans so that the vast majority of orphans; the other is itself a child carrying the HIV Such very small number of children, according to statistics, more than 1,000 people.
One side is waiting to help children; other side of the Red Ribbon Foundation to raise relief funds are extremely limited.
"National Federation of the Red Ribbon Foundation was established for 5 years, funds raised only 40 million yuan, which is compared to similar funds in education, significant differences between the red ribbon for the relief money and barely enough." David Yip recalls, "because the red Ribbon Fund, the National Federation of the sponsor, so some private enterprise activities in the performance of the Red Ribbon was more positive. However, very few state-owned enterprises and the central rate contributions. "memory of David Yip, only China Mobile in aid of AIDS orphans "Other central enterprises almost invisible presence."
In the just concluded an AIDS charity auction, the central enterprises to almost no one appeared.
The reason, "these companies are reluctant to put themselves and AIDS, linked to such words."
Forced to change the rescue
Help AIDS orphans start life cost is very high.
In other countries, that the best training for AIDS orphans way back home, return to society, but it is also difficult to achieve in the country.
"The ordinary school is difficult to accept them. Once a school parents know their child's school for AIDS orphans, many parents take their children to drop out." David Yip said.
Red Ribbon Foundation was spending huge sums of money to build schools in areas with a concentration of AIDS, AIDS orphans in the school not only recruit, but also the admission of children. Only the school principals and teachers know which children are AIDS orphans. Apart from these children in school, care by relatives of their lives.
Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan Province, taking into account local culture and less discrimination against AIDS, Red Ribbon Fund, set up in the local primary school in a special class and dormitory, host to 42 AIDS orphans.
At present, especially in mountainous areas in the rural areas improve the medical system, has been a problem, Canon China's medical device sector in rural areas had plans to promote the art equipment. "For medical equipment repair and maintenance, are in fact a problem." Canon said, "the government's investment in medical equipment is very large, but the spread of investment in rural areas is very limited."
In this case, many rural and mountain areas do not even know they are suffering from AIDS. "We contribute to local health centers, to encourage mothers to hospitals, AIDS patients once found to have fertility, we also provide milk, breast-feeding to prevent infection, to cut off child transmission." David Yip said.
Now, there are already 1,200 of maternal hospital delivery accepted funding.
"Not long ago, I attended a debate, both sides of the Peking University and Beijing Technology and Business University, the debate is the content of AIDS orphans focus on education reintegration good or good." David Yip, who was then judge of this debate, "the long-term view, focus on education is more harm than good. However, the current Chinese society of discrimination against AIDS status, but also does not allow us do not do that. "
There are many companies can do
On one occasion, David Yip, called to discuss donations to the enterprise, the other side heard, "AIDS" three words, immediately fell out. "The other side is very angry and said we had no person has the disease, why come to us?" David Yip said.
This attitude on AIDS and the West, the opposite of tolerance.
In the U.S., politicians and stars, are competing in the forefront of AIDS is not ashamed to AIDS.
But Chinese culture is very unique, the Chinese often linked to AIDS and ethical issues, so the latent HIV drugs, commercial sex and other moral values of the negative information.
"Please to AIDS as a disease, not about ethics." David Yip, often issued such a call to the outside world. But in China, the situation is still not optimistic.
Incubation period of AIDS virus, they begin to lose their jobs because they do not by social inclusion. "It's hard to imagine a company can accommodate AIDS. HIV infection in the absence of disease, it already lost work opportunities ahead." David Yip, an HIV-infected friends that year, in order to appeal to the community on the concerns of the special group announced its own HIV status.
The friend can not find work, only fruit stalls placed in the county, but the outside world knew of his HIV status, people overturned his fruit stall, the fruit thrown into the trench, that these fruits are poisonous.
If companies can not provide employment opportunities for these special groups, at least one thing you can do is to promote prevention of AIDS. Especially for migrant workers, the Red Ribbon Foundation has been working with construction companies to keep in touch, every heard of AIDS, the seminar took a migrant workers can prevent AIDS awareness package, which is equipped with condoms, AIDS awareness cards and soap.
AIDS orphans in terms of funding, private enterprises and foreign companies at the forefront. Hui Wing Mau, Chairman of Shimao Group, Board of Directors to participate in AIDS orphans each donor activities should be by private plane from Hong Kong to Beijing, Shanghai, each parking charges are a lot of money. Although there should be things to do, but rarely Hui Wing Mau, the absence of Red Ribbon activities. Since no food on the plane, Red Ribbon Fund staff is always to meet with McDonald's fast food Hui Wing Mau. David Yip, Hui Wing Mau, respectable place that lies, "because many of his contacts and AIDS orphans, so they have a lot of emotion, his circle of friends often talk about the real estate these things, and bring people together around issues concerned about AIDS orphans" .
Red Ribbon Fund in view of the situation is not optimistic about receiving donations, the fund began to introduce high-level model of the United States pledged to add companies pledged 20 million yuan to the fund and does not use the time to hand over 20 million yuan, as long as a year to Red Ribbon Foundation donated 20 million yuan revenue generated by some (such as 2% of the total), can provide long-term financial support for this cause. "This can arouse the concern of business year of AIDS." David Yip said.
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