高考版块英语基础语法讲解第34期(2010年9月16日)


  哈哈,孩子们,今天来看看虚拟语气的另类表达吧:

  虚拟语气的其他用法

  1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句

  a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式

  eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)

  b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done(动词过去分词)

  eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道)

  c、表示将来难以实现的愿望

  谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形

  eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)

  (注:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法) 2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略

  She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。

  He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。

  2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。

  He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。

  He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。 3、虚拟语气的其他用法1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advise. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。

  如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

  He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

  He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

  He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

  注:insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。

  如:He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。

  这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。

  suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

  如: His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。

  这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。

  ③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising.

  funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。

  句型:It is.......that 结构后的主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。

  ④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。

  2、 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如:

  Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。

  Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。

  3、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:

  ① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如:

  We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。

  We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。

  I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。

  ② may +完成式(指过去) ,主句结构不限。如:

  You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲

  We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。

  1.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

      A. would be freezing cold           B. will be freezing coldly

      C. would be frozen cold             D. can freeze coldly

  本帖隐藏的内容

  答案:A   freezing(adj.),cold(n.),freezing cold为固定搭配。此句为与现在事实相反的非真实条件句,主句应为should/would/could/might+ v.(原形)

  2. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”

      A. knew, live                      B. knew, lives

      C. know, lives                     D. know, lived

  本帖隐藏的内容

  答案:B   wish后的从句要用虚拟语气,knew用过去式表示现在,where he lives是客观事实,不用虚拟语气,应用陈述语气。