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人类根治艾滋病有望成现实 临床应用遇难题
2010年08月23日03:55北京晨报蒋骢骁
上世纪80年代以来，研究人员在如何延长艾滋病患者生命方面取得颇多成果，但如何根治这一疾病仍是医学界面临的难题。美国《洛杉矶时报》21日报道，一些研究人员从一次罕见的骨髓移植手术中获得灵感，展开多项实验，希望借助造血干细胞基因“修剪”使人体自身具有抵抗艾滋病的能力。
移植抗艾变异基因
德国柏林一名白血病患者2007年打算接受骨髓移植。他同时是一名艾滋病病毒携带者。
这名患者的主治医生格罗·许特尔当时冒出一个大胆的想法：“为什么不同时治愈这两种疾病呢？”
其实，尽管艾滋病对一些人而言意味着噩梦，但对另一些人却无法构成威胁。这些人天生携带CCR5德尔塔32基因，可以抵抗艾滋病。
许特尔最终找到了与这名患者成功配型并携带抗艾变异基因的捐献者，成功实施手术。术后61天，这名患者体内已检测不出艾滋病病毒。
这一医学奇迹燃起不少艾滋病病毒携带者的希望。不过，一些生物学和医学学者说，这一奇迹几乎不可复制。
骨髓移植伴有相当大的风险，容易出现排异反应和移植物抗宿主症，对接受移植者的生命构成危险。另外，找寻具有抗艾基因的配型者无异于海底捞针。
不过，美国南加州大学生物学教授葆拉·坎农提出一个大胆设想：“既然难以移植抗艾变异基因，那是否能实现人造呢？”
掐住艾滋入侵“生命线”
坎农和她的同事菲利普·格雷戈里认为，可以通过基因疗法改良艾滋病患者的基因，使其自身产生抵抗这一疾病的能力。
上世纪80年代以来，经过许多科学家的研究，艾滋病逐渐受到控制，死亡率降低，患者寿命延长。不过，如何预防和根治艾滋病一直是医学界的难题，使用抗艾药物的患者不得不承受疲劳、恶心等一系列副作用。
近几年来，一些研究人员发现，趋化因子受体CCR5是艾滋病病毒入侵机体细胞的主要辅助受体之一，控制住CCR5就等于掐住了艾滋病病毒通往人体细胞的“生命线”。
坎农及其研究团队正是拿CCR5“开刀”并于7月在英国《自然—生物工艺学》杂志上发表研究成果。
临床应用遇难题
尽管在实验鼠身上的实验获得成功，如何把这一技术应用于临床仍是坎农面临的难题。
坎农和格雷戈里带着研究成果找到希望之城国际医学中心临床研究副主管约翰·扎亚博士。
“他们给我们看了研究数据，”扎亚告诉《洛杉矶时报》记者，“那看上去太棒了。”
现阶段，研究人员正展开临床实验，以求这项技术在安全性、高效性和可重复性方面实现最优化。
研究人员希望，美国食品和药物管理局能在3至4年内为这项技术用于临床“开绿灯”。
尽管取得重大研究成果，坎农并不愿意使用“治愈艾滋病”这一短语来定义这项技术。
“人们说我们正在尝试治愈艾滋病，”坎农说，“我认为更确切的是，我们正试着让人们在携带少量病毒的情形下快乐、健康地生活。”蒋骢骁
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Cure AIDS, human clinical applications is expected to become victims of real problems
At 03:55 on the August 23, 2010 Beijing Morning Jiang Xiao Cong
Since the 80s of last century, researchers on how to prolong life in patients with AIDS has made many achievements, but how to cure this disease remains a difficult problem facing the medical profession. "Los Angeles Times," 21 reported that some researchers from a rare bone marrow transplant to get inspiration in a number of experiments, hoping to hematopoietic stem cell gene, "pruning" the human body itself has the capacity to resist HIV.
Transplant anti-AI gene mutation
Berlin, Germany, a leukemia patient bone marrow transplant in 2007 prepared to accept. He is also an AIDS virus.
This patient's attending physician Xu Crystal Gro was springing a bold idea: "Why not also cure both diseases?"
In fact, despite the AIDS nightmare for some people, means, but others can not pose a threat. These people naturally carry CCR5 Delta 32 gene resistant to AIDS.
Xu Crystal finally found success with these patients with type and carrying anti-AI variant gene donors, successful implementation of the operation. After 61 days, the patients had undetectable HIV in vivo.
This medical miracle ignited the hope of many HIV carriers. However, some scholars say that biology and medicine, the miracle is almost not copied.
Bone marrow transplantation associated with substantial risk, prone to rejection and graft versus host disease, transplant recipients receiving life at risk. Also, look for anti ainggyi for the matching are the same as in Haidilaozhen.
However, a biology professor at the University of Southern California made a bold Paula Lacannon idea: "Since the anti-AI gene variation is difficult to transplant, then the target of man-made it?"
Eck HIV invasion of the "lifeline"
Cannon and her colleagues Philip Gregory believes that gene therapy can be modified by the gene in patients with AIDS, to their ability to generate resistance to the disease.
Since the 80s of last century, many scientists through research, AIDS is gradually brought under control, mortality, life expectancy of patients. However, how to prevent and cure AIDS problem has been the medical profession, patients using Kangai Yao things had to bear the fatigue, nausea and a series of side effects.
In recent years, some researchers have found that chemokine receptor CCR5 is the AIDS virus from entering body cells in one of the major coreceptors, CCR5 is equivalent to controlling the AIDS virus, grabbed human cells, leading to the "lifeline."
Cannon and his team is taking CCR5 "cut" and in July in the UK "Nature - Biotechnology" research results published in the journal.
Clinical application of Difficult Problems
Although the experiments in mice who were successful, how clinical application of this technology is still facing challenges Cannon.
Gregory Cannon and research to find with the City of Hope Medical Center Clinical Research International, deputy director Dr. Yuehanzhaya.
"They showed us the research data," Dzaja told the "Los Angeles Times" reporter, "That looks great."
This stage, researchers are to start clinical trials in order to the technology in safety, efficiency and repeatability to achieve optimization.
The researchers hope that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 3 to 4 years for this technology for clinical "green light."
Despite significant research results, Cannon do not want to use the "cure AIDS" phrase to define the technology.
"People say we are trying to cure AIDS," Cannon said, "I think more accurately, we are trying to allow people to carry a small amount of virus in the case of a happy, healthy life." Jiang Xiao Cong
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