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艾滋病疫苗研究现新突破：强力抗体被成功分离
2010年07月26日08:45 来源：中国广播网
据中国之声《新闻纵横》7时12分报道，最新一期美国权威杂志《科学》发表两份报告，一时间引来无数关注。长期以来让科学家头痛不已的艾滋病疫苗研究似乎有了突破性进展。美国科学家从艾滋病毒感染者血中分离出能够对抗大约90%的已知艾滋病毒毒株的强力抗体。
中国之声记者独家专访了这个项目的负责人美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)过敏与传染病研究所(NIAID)疫苗研究中心主任盖里·纳布尔博士。
自从人类上世纪八十年代初发现艾滋病以来，全球大约已有6000万人感染了艾滋病毒。人们谈“艾”色变，科学家们在抗击艾滋病也是举步维艰。究其根本，艾滋病毒基因比人体正常基因变化快100万倍，其外表有一层与人体正常细胞表层一样的"糖衣"，病毒的表面形态变化万端，凡此种种，让人类的免疫系统无法发威，科学家也只能望洋兴叹。
由美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)过敏与传染病研究所(NIAID)疫苗研究中心主任盖里·纳布尔博士领导的团队发现艾滋病毒要感染人体细胞，首先和人体免疫细胞上的一种叫CD4的受体分子结合。尽管艾滋病毒万分“狡猾”，善于变化，但它们用来与CD4受体分子结合的最初位点却基本不变化。这次的发现就好比找到了艾滋病的致命弱点--“命门”。盖里·纳布尔博士坦言发现了艾滋病毒的命门之后，寻找针对“命门”位点的抗体细胞更加困难。
盖里·纳布尔我们在研究过程中遇到的最主要的挑战，是去设计出一种可以制造抗体的蛋白质。而且，把设计好的蛋白质转换成可以制造抗体的疫苗也是一个非常艰难的过程。
病毒实验室研究员在一名60岁黑人同性恋男子的血样中，探测到了能生产针对“罩门”的抗体细胞，并通过复杂的程序，在仅有800万分之一的几率中发现了3个有效抗体，纳布尔博士用海底捞针来形容寻找抗体之路。
盖里·纳布尔：我把这个当作我们论文的一个主要关注点。我们用的这种方法，要寻找非常特别的细胞。这次我们在2500万个细胞中找到了3个，用俗话说就是大海捞针。
项目组又从这三个抗体中进一步分离出两个迄今为止科最强有力的艾滋病抗体VRC01和VRC02。它们能够抑制近90%全球流行的艾滋病毒毒株，让人们看到了有效防治艾滋病的曙光。
盖里·纳布尔：正是这种发现，为更进一步的疫苗研究打开了大门。我们相信，未来两三年内我们将找到2-3种候选疫苗。他们又可以为临床试验打开通道。我们还会在临床上直接对人体使用抗体，绕过疫苗这一步，我们可以在制药企业帮助下大量生产抗体。抗体本身也可能会被当作疫苗和药物使用。
来源：中国广播网 2008年之前，尽管许多实验室都在分离艾滋病抗体，但一直没有发现有效的、广谱的抗体，甚至有著名的实验室宣称“没有广谱抗体的存在”，这对希望利用抗体来研制艾滋病疫苗的科学家而言，无疑是信心上的打击。这个发现首次证明了人体内可以自然产生超强中和能力的抗体。
这两个抗体发现的意义还在于，给予人们一个其它病毒感染类疾病防治新思路。以流感为例，这个所有人终身都会感染的疾病，同样具有惊人的杀伤力。每年有25万到50万因为罹患流感而撒手人寰。新艾滋病抗体的发现历程，为治疗流感、乙肝、甚至癌症提供了一个全新的思路。
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AIDS vaccine research breakthroughs are: strong antibody was successfully separated
At 08:45 on the July 26, 2010 Source: China Radio Network
According to Voice of "News Coverage" 7:12 reports the latest issue of U.S. magazine "Science" published two reports, one time drew many concerns. Has long been a headache for scientists for AIDS vaccine research seems to have a breakthrough. Scientists from the United States infected with HIV can be isolated from the blood of about 90% against the known strains of HIV antibody strength.
China's exclusive interview with the Voice of the person in charge of this project the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Vaccine Research Center Director Dr. 盖里纳布尔.
Ever since mankind discovered in the early eighties of last century AIDS has been about 6,000 million people worldwide infected with HIV. People talk about "Ai" the mere mention of the scientists in the fight against AIDS is difficult. The fundamental study, the HIV gene faster than changes in the human body 100 times the normal gene, the exterior layer of the surface of normal cells with the human body as a "sugar coating" the virus surface morphology of joy and pain, all these, so that the human immune system can not display its power Scientists can only feel powerless and frustrated.
By the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Vaccine Research Center Director Dr. 盖里纳布尔 led team found that HIV infection of human cells to the first and immune cells called CD4 a receptor molecules. Although HIV joy "cunning", good changes, but they are used with the CD4 receptor molecules of the original site but basically do not change. This discovery is like finding a fatal weakness of AIDS - "Vital." Dr. 盖里纳布尔 frankly found the Gate of Life of HIV, the search for the "Gate of Life" site of antibody cells more difficult.
盖里纳布尔 encountered in our study the most important challenge is to design a protein can produce antibodies. Moreover, the design of good protein antibodies can be made into a vaccine is a very difficult process.
Virus laboratory researcher in a 60-year-old black gay men blood samples, to detect the energy production for the "Achilles Heel" of antibody cells, and through a complex process, in only one ten thousandth of the probability of 800 found three effective antibody, Dr. Nabl to describe the search for antibodies with Haidilaozhen the road.
盖里纳布尔: I took this as our thesis, a major concern. We used this method to find a very special cell. The 25 million cells, we found the three, with the saying goes, is the needle in a haystack.
Three antibodies from the project team has further isolated the two most powerful to date Division of AIDS antibody VRC01 and VRC02. They can inhibit nearly 90% of the global epidemic of HIV strains, so that people see the dawn of the effective fight against AIDS.
盖里纳布尔: It is this discovery, vaccine research for the further opening the door. We believe that the next two or three years we will find the 2-3 kind of candidate vaccines. They also open the door for clinical trials. We will also directly on the human body in the clinical use of antibodies, vaccines bypass this step, we can help pharmaceutical companies in the mass production of antibodies. Antibody itself may be used as vaccines and drug use.
Source: China Radio Network until 2008, although many laboratories are isolated HIV antibody, but have not found an effective, broad-spectrum of antibodies, even well-known laboratory declared that "there is no broad-spectrum antibodies", which hopes using antibodies to develop AIDS vaccine scientists, no doubt confident that the blow. This discovery proves for the first time the body can naturally produce powerful antibodies in and capacity.
The significance of these two antibodies was found also to give people a virus-like disease prevention and control of other new ideas. To influenza, for example, all of life are affected by this disease, equally alarming destruction. Each year from 250,000 to 500,000 because of suffering from the flu and around forever. The discovery process of new HIV antibodies for the treatment of influenza, hepatitis B, and even cancer provides a new way of thinking.
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