据德国《明镜》报道，柏林夏里特医院（Charité）在艾滋病的治疗方面取得了令人瞩目的成功：两年前，一名柏林男子同时身患两大绝症，一度生命垂危。在接受颇具创造性的干细胞疗法后，他不仅成功地战胜了白血病病魔，就连体内的艾滋病病毒抗体也转为阴性。
事实上，直到现在艾滋病仍是一种不治之症，没有任何药物可以完全消灭艾滋病病毒，因为病原体变异很快，让为病人量身定做的治疗手段迅速失效。迄今为止，科学家们仍未能解决这一难题。不过，对于那些艾滋病患者以及相关研究人员来说，夏里特医院的血液部、肿瘤部和输液部主管艾克华德·楴尔（Eckhard Thiel）所发表的报告也许带来了一丝希望的曙光。
报告的主角是一位现年42 岁的病人。两年前，他不仅罹患白血病，还同时感染了艾滋病病毒，一度生命垂危，夏里特医院的癌症专家建议他接受干细胞疗法。
就这样，以楴尔为首的研究小组走进了人们的视野。在使用传统药物的同时，医生们大胆采用了某些全新的医疗手段，比如抗艾滋病毒的干细胞，他们计划为患者移植拥有特殊基因的异体骨髓。骨髓干细胞移植在白血病的治疗中较为常见，甚至早已成为一种有效的治愈手段，对于艾滋病却不能奏效。早在上世纪90年代，便有研究者进行过类似的尝试，但以失败告终。楴尔及其同事打算将这项研究向前推进一步，他们寻找的骨髓不仅能够治愈白血病，而且还拥有一个重要特征，即带有能够发生突变的CCR5基因。它可以产生一种受体，激活免疫系统以抵御病原体的侵袭。此外，CCR5还与CD4受体一道组成艾滋病病毒进入人体细胞的关卡。因此，在与艾滋病的斗争中， CCR5起到了极为关键的作用。
拥有CCR5变体的人数约占总人口的3%到5%。楴尔的这名病人无疑是幸运的。首先，楴尔找到了80位符合条件的骨髓捐赠者。对一般的病人而言，这个数字常常为零。其次，在这80个志愿者当中，有一位便拥有着至关重要的CCR5变体。
楴尔称，这名病人的痊愈在世界范围内都可称得上是前所未有的成功——无论在病人的神经系统或是胃肠道，研究者都未发现病毒的踪影。研究人员对于这一突破感到“高兴与自豪”。目前，楴尔及其同事打算将这一成果发表在著名杂志《新英格兰医学》上。
然而，其他专家却对此表示怀疑。艾滋病毒网（Kompetenznetz HIV/Aids）的发言人诺伯特·布洛克迈耶尔（Norbert Brockmeyer）在接受采访时否定了艾滋病人彻底痊愈的可能性。他指出，尽管血液中的艾滋病病毒已不见踪影，但它们仍然潜伏在人体的脾脏、淋巴结和神经细胞等各部位。
作为鲁尔大学的皮肤科和变态反应科主任，布洛克迈耶尔虽然称赞楴尔等癌症专家的做法是“富有智慧”与“充满希望”的，然而对于存在的问题，他亦直言不讳。首先，骨髓移植手术将带来极大的风险，因为在之前的化疗中病人的机体变得虚弱。尤其是艾滋病病人将承受更高的感染风险。其次，找到合适的骨髓捐赠者并非易事。此次成功不过是个例罢了。
简言之，夏里特医院的干细胞疗法并非灵丹妙药，也无法大规模推广。然而，对于目前世界上的3800万艾滋病患者来说，它依然带来了一丝希望的曙光。
（译自德国《明镜》）
谭薇
According to Germany, "Der Spiegel" reported that Ritter Bolin Xia Hospital (Charité) in the treatment of AIDS has made remarkable success: Two years ago, a Berlin two terminally ill men at the same time, was in critical condition. In a very creative stem cell therapy, he not only successfully overcome the disease of leukemia, but the body has antibodies to HIV-negative.
In fact, now is an incurable disease of AIDS is still no complete eradication of drug HIV, the pathogen as variant soon, so that the patient-tailored treatment failure quickly. To date, scientists have not been able to solve this problem. However, for those with AIDS and related researchers, the summer of Ritter's Hospital of blood, tumors and the Department of Transfusion Ike Ward, head of Seoul Di (Eckhard Thiel) may be made by the report has brought a ray of hope dawn .
The report's main character is a 42-year-old patient. Two years ago, he not only suffering from leukemia, also infected with the AIDS virus, was in critical condition, the summer of Ritter's Hospital cancer experts advised him to accept stem cell therapy.
In this way, in Seoul, led by Shi's team went into the outlook of people. In the use of traditional medicines at the same time, doctors used some of the bold new medical tools, such as anti-HIV stem cells, they plan to transplant patients have a specific genetic variant of the bone marrow. Bone marrow stem cell transplantation in the treatment of leukemia is more common, and even has long been an effective means of cure for AIDS but does not work. As early as the 1990s, researchers have carried out similar attempts, but ended in failure. Er Di and his colleagues plan to study further push forward their search for the bone marrow not only be able to cure leukemia, but also have an important feature, which can occur with a mutation of the CCR5 gene. It can produce a receptor, activation of the immune system to resist the invasion of pathogens. In addition, CCR5 and the CD4 receptor is also a component of HIV into human cells points. As a result, and in the fight against AIDS, CCR5 has played a crucial role.
CCR5 have variations in the number of the total population of about 3% to 5%. Er Di's no doubt that this patient is lucky. First of all, Seoul Shi found the 80 eligible bone marrow donors. Patients in general, often a figure of zero. Second, in this 80 volunteers, will have a crucial variant of CCR5.
Shi said Dole, the patient's recovery in the world can claim to be an unprecedented success - in terms of the patient's nervous system or gastrointestinal tract, researchers have not found the virus disappeared. Researchers for the breakthrough was "happy and proud." At present, Seoul Shi and his colleagues plan to the results of this well-known magazine published in the "New England Medical."
However, other experts are skeptical. HIV Network (Kompetenznetz HIV / Aids) Bullock, a spokesman Norbert Meyer (Norbert Brockmeyer) in an interview denied the complete cure AIDS. He pointed out that despite the AIDS virus in the blood has disappeared, but they are still hidden in the human body, spleen, lymph nodes and other parts of nerve cells.
As a dermatologist at the University of the Ruhr and the Director of the Division of Allergy, although Bullock Meyer cancer experts, praised Di Seoul is "wise" and "hope", but the existing problems, he also call a spade a spade . First of all, the bone marrow transplant will be a great risk, because Chemotherapy before in the patient's body has become weak. AIDS patients in particular, will bear a higher risk of infection. Secondly, to find suitable bone marrow donor is not easy. The success is just one example.
In short, the summer of Ritter's Hospital stem cell therapy is not a panacea, nor can a large-scale promotion. However, currently the world's 38,000,000 people living with AIDS, it still brought a ray of hope that the dawn.
(Translated from the German "Mirror")
Tan Wei